Cómo recuperar la ciudadanía americana

Es posible que una persona que en el pasado fue ciudadano de los Estados Unidos y perdià ³ esa condicià ³n puede recuperar la ciudadanà ­a, siempre y cuando se cumplan los requisitos que pide la ley. Es cierto que en la actualidad, y con las leyes que hoy aplican, es muy difà ­cil que un ciudadano de los Estados Unidos pierda su nacionalidad, excepto en los casos de hechos gravà ­simos en contra del paà ­s o cuando una persona asà ­ se desea expresamente. Sin embargo, hasta hace poco, era  un hecho no infrecuente. En este artà ­culo se informa quià ©nes perdà ­an segà ºn las leyes antiguas y pierden segà ºn las actuales la ciudadanà ­a de forma involuntaria y quià ©nes pueden recuperarla, quà © requisitos deben cumplir y quà © trà ¡mites deben seguir. Casos en los que antes se poda perder la nacionalidad de EEUU involuntariamente Hace aà ±os, las leyes que regulaban la nacionalidad americana eran distintas de las actuales y,  bajo la legislacià ³n que aplicaba en el pasado, un buen nà ºmero de ciudadanos perdieron la ciudadanà ­a sin que esa fuese su voluntad, simplemente porque asà ­ era la ley. Por ejemplo, y en primer lugar, las personas nacidas fuera de Estados Unidos entre 1934 y 1978 y que adquirà ­an la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense porque uno de sus padres tenà ­a dicha nacionalidad, podà ­an perderla si no se mudaban a Estados Unidos y tenà ­an presencia fà ­sica en este paà ­s por un nà ºmero de aà ±os. Es lo que se conocà ­a como el requisito de retencià ³n.   Asimismo, en segundo lugar, en el pasado y antes de que Estados Unidos reconociese la doble nacionalidad  se castigaba con la pà ©rdida de la ciudadanà ­a a los estadounidenses que adquirà ­an otra nacionalidad. Incluso aà ºn despuà ©s de admitirla, surgà ­an problemas para los americanos que vivà ­an en un paà ­s del que tambià ©n eran nacionales que prohibà ­a la doble nacionalidad y exigà ­a, en algà ºn momento, la renuncia al pasaporte americano para poder conservar el del paà ­s en el que vivà ­an. Incluso algunos paà ­ses exigà ­an prestar unos juramentos de lealtad, que las oficinas consulares americanas consideraban que eran una renuncia a la ciudadanà ­a de los Estados Unidos. En tercer lugar, otro caso en los que la ley preveà ­a la pà ©rdida de nacionalidad se daba cuando con anterioridad a septiembre de 1922 un estadounidense que residà ­a fuera de EE.UU se casaban con un extranjero. En cuarto lugar, otro ejemplo de pà ©rdida de nacionalidad involuntaria era el de las personas que adquirà ­an la nacionalidad mediante naturalizacià ³n y la perdà ­an si no continuaban residiendo dentro de los Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, tener en cuenta que esto ya no sucede ahora. Por à ºltimo, y en quinto lugar, un caso distinto pero relacionado con este tema es el hecho de que con anterioridad a 1934 los nià ±os nacidos en otro paà ­s sà ³lo podà ­an adquirir la ciudadanà ­a americana por parte paterna. Es decir, los nià ±os nacidos fuera de Estados Unidos que eran hijos de mujer estadounidense y padre extranjero no recibà ­an la ciudadanà ­a. Se puede recuperar la nacionalidad estadounidense? En primer lugar destacar que cuando la ciudadanà ­a se pierde de un modo voluntario es para siempre. No hay vuelta atrà ¡s, asà ­ que antes de dar el paso es conveniente pensarlo mucho e incluso consultarlo con un abogado de inmigracià ³n. Los casos mà ¡s comunes son los de renuncia para no pagar impuestos. En lo que respecta a los casos de pà ©rdida involuntaria, la respuesta depende del caso. En algunos casos no es posible recuperar la ciudadanà ­a de los Estados Unidos, mientras que en otros sà ­. Y es que la Ley de Correcciones Tà ©cnicas de Inmigracià ³n y Naturalizacià ³n que se aprobà ³ en 1994 y que se conoce por sus siglas en inglà ©s de INTCA abrià ³ el camino a posibles recuperaciones en casos especà ­ficos. Por ejemplo, por aplicacià ³n de esta ley se reconoce la ciudadanà ­a americana a las personas nacidas fuera de los Estados Unidos con anterioridad al 24 de mayo de 1934 que tenà ­an un   padre extranjero pero madre ciudadana cuando à ©sta cumplà ­a el requisito de aà ±os vividos en EU antes del nacimiento del hijo o hija, al que ahora por aplicacià ³n de INTCA se le reconoce su condicià ³n de estadounidense. Ademà ¡s, se establece un camino para la recuperacià ³n de la nacionalidad para todas aquellas personas nacidas fuera de EU entre 1934 y 1978 y que la habà ­an adquirido al nacer porque uno de sus padres eran estadounidenses pero mà ¡s tarde la perdieron por no cumplir el requisito para retenerla de presencia fà ­sica en los Estados Unidos. La forma a seguir, por aplicacià ³n de la seccià ³n 324 (d) de la Ley de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (INA) es hablar con el consulado o embajada de los Estados Unidos mà ¡s cercano al lugar de residencia y solicitar prestar el juramento de lealtad al paà ­s. Lo que se conoce en inglà ©s como el oath of allegiance. Y con esto es suficiente para recuperar la ciudadanà ­a. A mayores, aunque no es necesario sà ­ que es conveniente solicitar un Certificado de Ciudadanà ­a (formulario N-600) para poder probarla y tambià ©n para pedir algunos de los posibles beneficios como, por ejemplo, el pasaporte. Asimismo, desde 2002 podrà ­an recuperar la nacionalidad estadounidense las personas que la perdieron con anterioridad al 22 de septiembre de 1922 por haberse casado con un extranjero y residir fuera de los Estados Unidos. Y tambià ©n los que con posterioridad a dicha fecha la perdieron por contraer matrimonio con un extranjero considerado como inelegible para la ciudadanà ­a.   En estos dos à ºltimos casos del pà ¡rrafo anterior,   la recuperacià ³n se hace mediante un trà ¡mite de naturalizacià ³n. Hay que cumplir con requisitos adicionales y en algunos casos incluso no es necesario. Por sus particularidades, las personas en estos casos de pà ©rdida de nacionalidad por cuestià ³n de matrimonio deberà ­an asesorarse con un abogado sobre el procedimiento a seguir. En los demà ¡s casos en los que se ha dejado de ser americano involuntariamente se pueden escribir una carta muy detallada con especificaciones de su caso y pidiendo recuperar la ciudadanà ­a. Incluir entre otros datos el nombre completo, la fecha y lugar de nacimiento, telà ©fonos de contacto, las razones por las que se pierde la ciudadanà ­a y tambià ©n cuà ¡l era la intencià ³n hacia dicha ciudadanà ­a en el momento en que se produce la pà ©rdida. Enviar la informacià ³n a: U.S. Department of StateOffice of Leal Affairs (CA/OCS/L)600 19th  Street, N.W.- 10th  Floor600 19th Street, NWWashington, D.C. 20431 Si se utiliza servicio de correo exprà ©s. Por el contrario, si se utiliza correo ordinario la direccià ³n es la siguiente: U. S. Department of StateDirectorOffice of Legal Affairs (CA/OCS/L)Overseas Citizens ServicesU.S. Department of StateSA-17, 10th FloorWashington, D.C. 20522-1707 Tambià ©n se puede contactar por correo electrà ³nico, telà ©fono o fax: Tel: 202-736-9110Fax: 202-736-9111Email:  ASKPRIstate.gov Corresponde al gobierno decidir si concede o no la peticià ³n para que una persona recupere la ciudadanà ­a y lo harà ¡ teniendo en cuenta los mà ©ritos particulares de cada caso. Es conveniente saber que el proceso puede demorarse varios meses antes de tener una respuesta. Lo habitual es una demora entre 4 y 6 meses. Por à ºltimo, si la peticià ³n es concedida la persona tendrà ¡ que jurar lealtad a los Estados Unidos  y sà ³lo a partir de entonces volverà ¡ a gozar de los derechos de ser americano como, por ejemplo, votar en las elecciones, ser elegido representante, viajar con pasaporte de ese paà ­s, tener acceso a ayudas sociales reservadas para ciudadanos y pedir los papeles para familiares. Aclaraciones, derechos y obligaciones a tener en cuenta Por lo tanto, los hijos que se tuvieron en el tiempo en el que una persona perdià ³ la ciudadanà ­a y antes de recuperarla no obtienen automà ¡ticamente ningà ºn beneficio, en otras palabras, no se convierten ni en ciudadanos ni residentes permanentes. Sin embargo, si se cumplen los requisitos, la persona que fue ciudadana, perdià ³ la ciudadanà ­a y posteriormente la recuperà ³, podrà ­a iniciar los trà ¡mites para pedir la green card para esos hijos y otros familiares  en el momento en que recupera la ciudadanà ­a.   Asimismo, tener en todo momento presente que la ciudadanà ­a americana brinda derechos, lo cierto es que tambià ©n lleva aparejada obligaciones, incluso para las personas que residen habitualmente o siempre fuera de los Estados Unidos. Respecto a esos à ºltimos, siguen obligados  pago de impuestos  y, en el caso de varones, es aconsejable familiarizarse con el Servicio Selectivo, ya que es necesario registrarse. Este artà ­culo es meramente informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Relationship Marketing in Relation to Company Employees and Customers Essay

Essays on Relationship Marketing in Relation to Company Employees and Customers Essay The paper "Relationship Marketing in Relation to Company Employees and Customers" is an amazing example of an essay on marketing. In the course of dealing with the decreased funding provisions, FIT Rangers Limited is being encouraged to uncompromisingly do market their products, which are in the form of recreational programs and services. Their positive reaction to the improved marketing efforts has encouraged the company’s directors to appreciate every effort incorporated in the process. The company has been able to carry out stakeholder analysis, and through this, the management has been able to understand the stakeholders’ groups that are needed to be reached, and also the level of engagement. There have been marketing training workshops and some of the staff members attending have shown hope in the idea that the increased visibility of media is a better solution to the current problem. As staff believes, this is supposed to increase the company’s leverage wit h the funding foundations. Other group staff members have clearly expressed their terror that the succeeding marketing efforts put in place may turn out to be beyond the achievement expected.Knowledge designates that both stated expectations in the set projections are impracticable in particular to the nature of product marketing. It indicates that the success of marketing definitely demands more than just increasing media visibility (Bradley 2010, p. 106). Therefore, this paper gives a deep detail into aspects of relationship marketing in relation to the selected stakeholder groups. The main groups that will be dealt with are company employees and customers.IntroductionAs the management of the company is always in the rush to gain the visibility of the media, the extensions of the most significant marketing resource, which is the company’s relationship with the resultant market being served are always overlooked. This is can be considered to be a serious ironic projection as it is well understood that the overall backbone of the company’s success has been as the results of the commitments received from the company’s legislators, competent volunteers, efficient lay leaders, and down to earth company’s personnel.FIT Rangers Limited is an experiential education learning center that uses a heuristic advance to learning. This mode of learning includes the actual process of self-discovery and personal actualization, through outdoor activities that are supposed to challenge the intelligence and physical being of a person. As a training center, FIT Rangers Limited focuses mainly on short but demanding training for dependable leadership and excellent citizenship, thus working under a motto of â€Å"Service and Leadership.For the purpose of doing everything so that the company survives the competitive shake-out that is already happening in the current market, the management has opted to do more than just having media attention.

Swan Lake Response Free Essays

For my additional performance viewing, I attended a dance concert at The Ohio State University. Gene’s Goings was choreographed by Rodney A. Brown. We will write a custom essay sample on Swan Lake Response or any similar topic only for you Order Now Performed by a group of Ohio State dancers, Gene’s Goings was brought to life at Emerson Auditorium. The piece was choreographed to Ritual Union by Little Dragon and Suite for Ma Dukes by Miguel Atwood Ferguson and Carols Ion. Overall, Gene’s Goings was a Journey that used the blending of images such as planting seeds, growing, and traveling to create a story for the audience. As the story unfolded, more intricate parts were noticed. For example, there was a leader on the Journey, which was the featured soloist throughout the piece of art. She had a distinct costume on and the other dancers seemed to follow her and mimic her movements. There seemed to be female dominance on this Journey that was clearly present with only 4 males on the stage throughout the entire piece. The tribal music gave it an African feel, later emphasized by the grand hip rotations and grounded feel to the dancing. All of this was possible due to the use of a constant flip. Along with this, the entire piece had a funky and original feel to it. The costumes worn were normal, pedestrian clothing tit lots of neon colors. The girls had a constant blue and purple pattern, which pulled everyone together and gave the piece a feeling of unity. This also brought about a very vibrant and colorful vibe. Big movements using every part of the body portrayed the group of dancers changing along the Journey and growing into new people. Once they reached their destination, they were completely new individuals. Some of the movements remained throughout the piece, but as the Journey continued, new repetitive movements were also introduced. The group of 4 men in the beginning of the piece was acting as the starting force that began the Journey. The part where they were making sounds and building off of each other’s movements was the chain reaction that started the voyage. I also noticed that they were reappearing throughout the piece. After I noticed this, I realized that they came into the choreography once a new, signature movement was introduced. This represented the next step on their Journey. In the end, once the Journey was completed, the group of travelers exited the stage with their signature hip rotations and therefore ended their Journey in a similar fashion that they started it with. Commonplace was also performed in Emerson Auditorium. This piece was choreographed by Susan Hadley in 1996. The music being danced to was Forgotten Peoples by Evolve Tourism, but performed by the Estonian Chamber Choir. The music was in a foreign language and therefore required the audience to develop their own storyline for the performance. This piece was definitely a narrative, symbolizing a ritual of women in all places and times. The costumes worn were simple, black dresses, which gave the piece a very dim and dark setting. Each dress was unique with slightly different designs, showing the individual personalities of the women in this so-called community. The designs ere extremely modest, which gave the dance somewhat of a religious feel to it. At the same time, I got the vibe of some sort of witchcraft happening, symbolic of struggle and pain occurring among the women. The group of women almost resembled a sisterhood, Journeying through struggles and supporting each other along the way. The choreography had the group of all women moving together and in complete unison at the beginning of the piece. As the dance processed, there were many more levels and formations, including a circle where a single woman would be in the center while the remaining women stood around her as support. Partnering was a big aspect of this piece as the women carried and suspended one another as an act of creating. While in this circle, movements including shaking, convulsing, and seizing were happening to represent death, sickness, abuse, and any type of struggle that women go through. This was a very emotional part of the piece because the women carried each other and supported one another. This showed courage and belonging as no one was left out or neglected because of their problems and struggles. The movement displayed was very intricate and detailed as the women moved together on their Journey of support and love. How to cite Swan Lake Response, Papers

Legal Report On Community Health Centre †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Legal Report On Community Health Centre. Answer: Record Of Contact I am a Social Worker working with the Jonestown Community Health Centre for the last three years. I have had numerous occasions of interacting with the local people who were a friendly lot and often volunteered to help the staff at the Community Health Centre. I knew Mrs. Venus Williams, mother of Dean Williams, the young 19 year old boy who suffered brain damage in a car accident. Mrs. Williams often devoted time at the centre and cared about those children and elderly parents who came to the centre for counselling (Morley, Ablett Macfarlane, 2014). Background Dean is a first-year college student and was suffering from a brain injury inflicted during a car accident some 6 months ago. On that particular night, Dean and some of his classmates were partying at a classmate's house. He left the party at about 1:00 a.m. and while driving missed a curve and his car overturned after hitting the verge. Although Dean's parents were aware that their son used to drink occasionally, they never suspected that he had a problem (Swain Rice (ed), 2009). His father often warned him about the dangers of driving after drinking. Mr. Frank Williams, Dean's father is a corporate attorney and Dean always expressed a desire of following his fathers footsteps. Dean's mother, being a house wife, mostly spent her time caring for her husband and son and devoted all her spare time to the volunteer work for helping the abused and neglected children of the local community (Swain Rice (ed), 2009). Finances Dean's parents are in a position to afford his treatment, but Dean is uncooperative and seldom complies with the treatment regimen. His mother accompanies him to the Centre where he comes twice a week for counselling but all the time and money seems to be going waste as Dean is often uncooperative and remains allusive to the treatment. Physical Because of his damage to the brain, Deans impulse control is affected and this has decreased his short-term memory and concentration ability making him irritated at times. He is not able to come to terms with this change in his abilities and this has changed his behavior (Swain Rice (ed), 2009). He is now difficult with his parents and friends and reacts indifferently with them now. Dean's emotional outbursts are unpredictable. He laughs out loud at times and at the next moment he starts crying. It has become difficult for him to sustain his attention on his surroundings (Maidment Bay, 2012). The weakness of his right side muscles has limited his ability of participating in the athletic activities he previously enjoyed. He has become restless and becomes agitated sometimes, and this frustration is because of the organic aspect of the injuries which he has sustained (Maidment Bay, 2012). Psychological Dean is currently on an emotional roller coaster. Sometimes he speaks that he understands his future plans have to be changed but at some moments he is unable to accept the limitations (Muller, 2014). He still wants things should be the way they were. His mental deficiencies are making it impossible for him to resume a successful college degree. In frustration, he even resents the constant supervision which his parents give and feels resented that he is being treated like a baby. Dean feels frustrated because of his disability in remembering, in expressing himself and concentrating on anything (Muller, 2014). Drugs and Alcohol Most of his old colleagues have resumed their college and because of this he has started hanging out with another younger group and has taken to drinking heavily again. This has made Dean's rehabilitation a more arduous task, especially for his parents (Wilson Powell, 2012). Prior to this accident, Dean was a gregarious young man. In high school, Dean was popular as a good student and used to play in the football team. He also loved skiing and skin diving and was expert at riding dirt bikes. Deans parents were stunned when they learned that he along with some of his colleagues used to get drunk nearly every weekend (Gal Weiss-Gal (ed), 2013). This information was shared by another social worker who was running a family counseling session with one of Deans friend along with a rehabilitation team and who had recently attended a seminar on alcohol and other drug problems. Dean's parents found it hard to believe, but after talking with some of his colleagues, they learned that this ind eed was the truth (Swain Rice (ed), 2009). Offences To understand the background of Deans addiction to alcohol, I contacted my long term associate Mark Jones of the Probation and Parole Services in Jonestown. After going through the records of offences, especially of drunken driving, we found that Dean had been detained for drunken driving four times and on each occasion the level of alcohol in his blood was found to be above the permissible levels (Gal Weiss-Gal (ed), 2013). Fortunately for Dean and unfortunately for his parents, the matter was not brought to their notice as every time Dean was let-off with warning or being kept in detention at the station till be became sober and apologised for his behaviour (Wilson Powell, 2012). I said unfortunate for his parents because the police officers who detained Dean seemed to believe him, as they knew him to be a well behaved and intelligent boy and they also knew his parents were helping others and were socially well known in the community (Wilson Powell, 2012). I confronted Dean with this information and after a little hesitation he acknowledged the facts. He also confided that he was ashamed of his addiction and wanted to get over with it. Although not satisfied with his admissions, me and Mark thought it would be appropriate to take his father into confidence and make him aware of the facts. We did not want to repeat the same mistake which many of the officers had made when they caught Dean in drunk driving situations (Morley, Ablett Macfarlane, 2014). Mr. Williams, being an experienced and learned attorney, absorbed the facts quietly and thanked us for sharing the facts. He understood the legal consequences and asked for our opinion. My opinion was to give Dean a last chance to build his future and provide him an opportunity to resume his studies and become a successful attorney like his father (Muller, 2014). Mark also agreed, but being a responsible officer, was not in a position to drop the charges of alcohol and drug abuse. Mr. Williams agreed with him and thanking me for the support, agreed that let the case go to the court and with the admission of guilt maybe Dean would emerge as a stronger person and overcome his limitations (Wilson Powell, 2012). This seemed to be a very honest and truthful suggestion and when I conveyed this decision to Dean, he was filled with gratitude towards his father and promised to rehabilitate himself and prove worthy of our confidence reposed in his abilities (Muller, 2014). Reflections Dean's mother spent most of her time in caring for him and participating in helping him in the rehabilitation process. His father also starting spending less hours at his work so as to make up for the time he would spend fishing, hunting and playing golf with his son. Though most of his friends were unsupportive in the beginning, they started calling on him more often and started coming around to visit him at his home. Dean has been keeping his promise of staying away from alcohol and is continuously taking his rehabilitation classes more seriously (Wilson Powell, 2012). I sincerely hope that Deans career takes him to higher status in the society and the information about his previous offences is taken in the right perspective by the court. Society does come across youth such as Dean, but they do deserve a second chance in life (Swain Rice (ed), 2009). References Gal, J. and Weiss-Gal, I. (ed). (2013). Social Workers Affecting Social Policy: An International Perspective on Policy Practice. Policy Press, Bristol. Maidment, J. and Bay, U. (2012). Social Work in Rural Australia: Enabling practice. Allen Unwin, Crows Nest, NSW. Morley, C., Ablett, P. and Macfarlane, S. (2014). Engaging with Social Work. Cambridge University Press, Melbourne, VIC. Muller, L. (2014). A Theory for Indigenous Australian Health and Human Service Work: Connecting Indigenous knowledge and practice. Allen Unwin, Crows Nest, NSW. Swain, P.A. and Rice, S. (ed). (2009). In the Shadow of the Law: The Legal Context of Social Work Practice. Federation Press, Annandale, NSW. Wilson, C. and Powell, M. (2012). A Guide to Interviewing Children: Essential Skills for Counsellors, Police Lawyers and Social Workers. Routledge, Oxon.

Inflation1960-1980 free essay sample

Causes, effects trends, focusing on Reagan years impact of his policies on drop in inflation. Inflation, the tendency of prices to increase from year to year (or, to put the same thing in different terms, the steadily declining purchasing power of the dollar) has for some years been a preoccupation of Americans, in their daily lives and in public policy. Middle-aged Americans can remember a time when a family of four could eat out for ten dollars, and a new car could be bought for $2500. In general, consumer prices when John F. Kennedy was President stood at little more than one-fifth their present-day level. After some years of near stability in the 1950s and early to mid 1960s, prices began to increase in the later 1960s. By the end of the 1970s, prices were increasing by ten percent or more each year. For consumers, it seemed that every trip to the grocery store meant paying more for the same products. We will write a custom essay sample on Inflation:1960-1980 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Wage and

Free Essays on Donnes “Flea“

Wit and Religious Imagery in â€Å"The Flea† In his funny little poem â€Å"The Flea,† John Donne merges wit with religious imagery in an attempt to convince a woman to sleep with him. In the first stanza Donne cleverly uses the humorous image of an insignificant flea that has just sucked the blood of both Donne and his intended lover as he tries to convince his beloved that the mingling of bodily fluids during intercourse would be just as innocent as their blood mingling inside the body of the flea. The first and second stanzas take on quite a whimsical tone as Donne elucidates to his beloved how innocuous premarital sex would be compared to what the flea has done. The way Donne implicitly hints at the erotic without explicitly stating anything, yet leaving no doubt in the reader’s mind as to what he means, is as much a source of the poem’s humor as is the silly image of the flea. In the second stanza Donne supports his argument and attempts to stop his beloved from killing the flea by calling the fle a â€Å"Our marriage bed and temple† (line 13). By spilling the blood of the flea, she would also be spilling the blood of Donne and herself, thereby practically committing murder: â€Å"Three lives in one flea spare† (line 10). This line equates the flea with a significant sacred ideal, the holy trinity. It would not only be murder though, Donne adds â€Å"And sacrilege, three sins in killing three†(line 18), which makes the flea all the more significant by again calling to mind the holy trinity. However, the unfortunate flea meets his match between stanzas two and three as Donne’s beloved puts an end to his nonsense and kills the symbol of their love. Donne chastises her by saying she has â€Å"Purpled thy nail in blood of innocence† (line 20), which brings up images of Christ’s crucifixion. Donne’s solution is to change tactics and assert to his beloved that since killing the flea was so easy and harmless, yielding to hi... Free Essays on Donne's â€Å"Fleaâ€Å" Free Essays on Donne's â€Å"Fleaâ€Å" Wit and Religious Imagery in â€Å"The Flea† In his funny little poem â€Å"The Flea,† John Donne merges wit with religious imagery in an attempt to convince a woman to sleep with him. In the first stanza Donne cleverly uses the humorous image of an insignificant flea that has just sucked the blood of both Donne and his intended lover as he tries to convince his beloved that the mingling of bodily fluids during intercourse would be just as innocent as their blood mingling inside the body of the flea. The first and second stanzas take on quite a whimsical tone as Donne elucidates to his beloved how innocuous premarital sex would be compared to what the flea has done. The way Donne implicitly hints at the erotic without explicitly stating anything, yet leaving no doubt in the reader’s mind as to what he means, is as much a source of the poem’s humor as is the silly image of the flea. In the second stanza Donne supports his argument and attempts to stop his beloved from killing the flea by calling the fle a â€Å"Our marriage bed and temple† (line 13). By spilling the blood of the flea, she would also be spilling the blood of Donne and herself, thereby practically committing murder: â€Å"Three lives in one flea spare† (line 10). This line equates the flea with a significant sacred ideal, the holy trinity. It would not only be murder though, Donne adds â€Å"And sacrilege, three sins in killing three†(line 18), which makes the flea all the more significant by again calling to mind the holy trinity. However, the unfortunate flea meets his match between stanzas two and three as Donne’s beloved puts an end to his nonsense and kills the symbol of their love. Donne chastises her by saying she has â€Å"Purpled thy nail in blood of innocence† (line 20), which brings up images of Christ’s crucifixion. Donne’s solution is to change tactics and assert to his beloved that since killing the flea was so easy and harmless, yielding to hi...

Capacity Building as an International Response to Cybercrime Assignment

Capacity Building as an International Response to Cybercrime - Assignment Example From the srudy findings it is clear that technologies used by people globally are required to be organised for better usage in terms of social consideration. It is apparent that Information and communication technology (ICT) has been rapidly transformed over the past two decades especially in the northern and southern regions of the world owing to which numerous development has been observed in various domains. Notably, the development of ICT has enlarged the choices of people, which further helped them towards personal and professional growth. This discussion stresses that cybercrimes are offences against computer systems, which are conducted within or via computer networks. It affects the security along with the rights of the people living in a society and on the hand, it further strengthening the presence of crime within a society. It has been analysed that cybercrime raised considerable risk for infrastructure to which the people in a society are dependent that further impact the aspect of security and trust in a negative manner. Cybercrime is a particular crime that is conducted with the use or within computers and internet networks. It is regarded by legal authority as a punishable crime and is one of the major issues to be resolved in the contemporary scenario. Cybercrime is also often regarded as computer crime, which involve the use of computer, as a particular instrument to conduct illegal activities such as fraud, child pornography and unauthorized access or damage of other’s property among others.

Video Review on Showdown with Iran Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Video Review on Showdown with Iran - Essay Example The US has been pushing them ahead to establish democracy in the country. But once the US leaves Iraq, Iran may attempt to step into Iraq and take over the country. Iran does not want Iraq to gain power; they are pleased to see Iraq as a powerless nation and a neighbor in the form of puppet which will dance to their tunes. And even the toppling of Saddam has helped in regaining the power of shia’s in Iraq and many religious leaders have moved to Iraq from Iran. This is also a very good benefit for Iran in bringing more favorable situation against them. Because of this the links and relationship between the two countries are also improving. Iran also has an aim of maximizing their alliance with Iraq Shiite factions. Iran is definitely not in favor of the Sunni in the Iraq and is anonymously giving support by money, arms and ammunition to the Shiite elements in Iraq. Iran also has a will in dominating the oil rich country Iraq, and getting economic and commercial success. Teheran’s interest to influence conflicts in Iraq is motivated by various strategic factors, as well as religious and cultural interests. The main factor is that the history of the two countries has been characterized by a near constant state of political-military conflict and rivalry. Iran is aiming for a complete Islamist rule in Iraq and US in the process of installing democracy in Iraq have destabilized the previous regime of the country which has proved to be in favor of Iranian interest. Iran has a big role in creating conflict in Iraq as they provide very much assistance to shite extremist by funding them with finance and weapons. There had been a good flow of weapons in to Iraq through Iran and they also give support to terrorism elements in Iraq. There are in a way waging war in Iraq with the help of Shiite extremists and destabilizing the country.

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Project management - Essay Example First an insight on projects and their use in contemporary organisations is provided, followed by an analysis of the influence of organisational culture on project structure, teams and performance, ending with a summary and discussion on the topic. This is the shortest yet the most comprehensive definition of what a project is; a one time event, with a beginning and an end, with quantitative and qualitative outcomes, comprised of many depended activities with a sole purpose of solving a problem (Meredith and Mantel 2010, PMI 2008). Projects are managed through a process defined by a project management methodology used on all projects to increase the likelihood of achieving project success, excellence and maturity (Kerzner 2009). A standardized definition of Project management comes from the PMBOK (PMI 2008, p.6) where it is defined as â€Å"an application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements†. As a relatively new discipline PM emerged from the post world war’s defence methodologies applied in managing large-scale initiatives. At the beginning, what literature refers today as â€Å"traditional projects†, were stand-alone projects with dedicated resources and without larger consequences if the deadlines were not met (Taylor 2003). These projects were characteristic for the construction industry. From the 1980s onwards, the rapid development of IT and its rising penetration in the value chain of organisations, increased the number IT projects and shortened the project life cycle (IT technology has a short life cycle), while the dependency of project’s processes from the parent organisation increased. As a result the old tools and techniques in managing traditional projects were found to be less efficient, even counterproductive and practitioners and researchers begun to recognise the growing importance of introducing the systems approach in analysing and managing projects (Gardiner 2005, Taylor

Analysis Of Unilateralism Under George W Bush Politics Essay

Analysis Of Unilateralism Under George W Bush Politics Essay Prior to 1945, the dominant trend in the policy of the United States was isolationist, which was isolation from global affairs. America was ambivalent about multilateral engagements and as much as possible remained separated from the European balance of power. In the same vein, the U.S. congress disapproved U.S. participation in the League of Nations reflecting the traditional ambivalence of America towards multilateral engagements. However, after the 2nd World War, there was a significant change in the U.S. foreign policy. The American isolationist approach collapsed completely, and the United States foreign policy was principally committed to multilateralism, as the defining post war strategy adopted by both Democrats and Republicans (Skidmore, 2005). The United States adopted a strategy of global engagement from its hitherto selective engagement. A multilateral approach became the crucial instrument in Americas attempt to conduct the cold war and rebuild international order. The onset of the cold war was the major source of change which by 1947 convinced U.S. policy makers that removal of the soviet threat was the proper strategy and in light of the communist challenge, the containment of the Soviet threat had to be global to have any effect (Jentleson, 2008). The United States became committed to multilateral cooperation and international institutions following World War 2, it promoted the Bretton Woods System multilateralism while supporting institutions such as the UN, IMF, NATO, and the World Bank among others. During this period according to Skidmore (2005), multilateralism attained prominence in the foreign policy of the United States both in practice and in rhetoric, and as the U.S. became internationally powerful, multilateralism was integrated as a norm in international society. However, the American foreign policy has since taken a sharp unilateralist turn especially with the Bush administration; it turned its back on the world and was principally committed to unilateralism and this has been consequential for the U.S. policy and the reputation of the United States internationally. This essay seeks to explore how the United States under the Bush administration rejected multilateralism and adopted a more unilateralist approach to global issues than its predecessors. It is pertinent to note that multilateralism for the United States was not always a principled commitment, but more of a policy preference; American policy makers approached multilateralism pragmatically as it was adopted insofar as it serves U.S. interest and was willingly overlooked when it did not work. It is important to acknowledge that despite the fact that President Bushs administration embraced a more unilateral approach to international issues, not all of presidents Bushs predecessors adopted a multilateral approach to foreign policy as the United States always favoured whatever worked. The Reagan administration in the 1982 Siberian gas pipeline conflict rejected the NATO consensus and enforced unilateral sanctions against European companies for cooperating economically with the Soviet Union (Ikenberry, 2003). The Bush senior administration in the bid to promote free trade approached international economic policy unilaterally; its use of Super 301 trade negotiating authority allowed the U.S. to act as judge, jury and prosecutor simultaneously as it determines what countries should be threatened with punitive sanctions. According to Ikenberry (2003), U.S. officials argue consistently that although multilateralism was preferred, they were always ready to use bilateral talks or even unilateral actions when necessary to achieve what they want. Under the Clinton administration, the NATO allies of the United States tried to convince the Clinton government for several years to intervene in the Bosnian Civil war through a multilateral approach. After the United States finally agreed in 1995, it practically dictated the terms of military intervention supporting the Dayton agreement (Stewart and Shepard, 2002). Also, the Clinton administration intervened under the auspices of military institutions in Somalia in 1992-1993, but withdrew its troops unilaterally after American soldiers became casualties in Somalia. Furthermore, despite international pressure, the United States sat back and practically did little or nothing while atrocities such as the genocide in Rwanda took place. In the same vein, the Clinton administration in Kosovo resisted the UN Security Council by rejecting an intervention and instead worked through NATO, a different multilateral institution. Similarly, the Clinton administration in 1998 refused to be limited on its ability to employ U.S.military power and bypassed the UN Security Council by undertaking Operation Desert Fox, a major four-day bombing campaign on Iraqi targets. Clintons National Security Adviser Anthony Lake, is of the opinion that only one overriding factor can determine whether the United States should act multilaterally or unilaterally, and that is Americas interests. We should act multilaterally where doing so advances our interests, and we should act unilaterally when that will serve our purpose. The simple question in each case is this: What works best? Anthony Lake (1993: 663) However, the United States under the Bush administration embraced a more unilateralist approach to global issues than its predecessors. Unilateral elements of the Bush Doctrine were apparent in the first months of the Bush administration as America withdrew from international agreements, retreating into a unilateralist stance. President Bushs unilateralism became evident in the first few weeks after he took office. After he preached during his election campaign that the U.S. should learn humility in their conduct with other nations, in March 2001, President Bush rather arrogantly withdrew the United States from the Kyoto Global Warming negotiations, a protocol the Americans had signed but was yet to be ratified. Jacobson, (2002) echoed that The U.S did not want its capability to trade for emission rights with other nations to be limited. Following the U.S. withdrawal from the Kyoto protocol, European critics indicated that the United States in 2002 emitted about one-third of greenhouse gases globally (Dumbrell, 2002). Furthermore, in mid 2001, projections made pointed out that by 2010, U.S. emissions would increase by 23 percent. The U.S. refusal to support emission reduction limits confirmed the unilateralist position of the Bush administration to foreign policy (Dumbrell, 2002). The Bush administration repudiated to support series of international agreements. The convention on the prohibition of the production, stockpiling, the transfer and use of antipersonnel mines was signed on the 18th of September 1997 in Ottawa (Prestowitz, 2003). The treaty was signed by every country in the Western Hemisphere except the United States and Cuba and every other member of NATO are signatories to the treaty except the United States and Turkey. The United States demanded an exemption for the removal of mines along the borders of the demilitarized zones in South Korea and an exemption permitting as part of a mixed system the deployment of U.S. antipersonnel mines including antitank mines (Edwards and King, 2007). Other parties to the negotiation rejected both demands made by U.S. military officials and this prompted the U.S. to decline the final agreement. Although President Clinton during his administration promised that the United States would sign the Ottawa convention b y 2006, the Bush administration since entering into office had rejected the treaty and abandoned Clintons earlier pledge. The United States followed self-proclaimed unilateralist action by refusing to ratify the International Criminal Court. The ICC, establish to try war crimes was voted to be established on July 17, 1997 by 120 nations although 7 nations voted against the court while 21 nations abstained (Nolte, 2003). Although President Clinton ultimately signed the ICC treaty as one of his final actions in office on December 31, 2000 overruling objections from many senate Republics and the pentagon, the Bush administration rejected the ICC and withdrew all U.S. support of the court thereby rendering the earlier signature of Clinton null and void (Brown, 2002).The Bush administration campaigned to make sure that other states would not bring charges to the ICC against U.S. troops, According to Nolte (2003), under U.S. pressure the governments of more than sixty states signed bilateral agreements pledging not to submit charges to the ICC against U S. troops. Under the Bush administration, the unilateralist trend of America refusing to live by the rules and yet expecting the rest of the world to comply was dramatically accelerated. President Bush abrogated the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty on December 13, 2001 in pursuance of a national missile defense as the Bush administration had blamed the national missile defense lack of advancement on the ABM Treaty (Hirsh, 2002). This step undertaken by the Bush Administration was opposed by China, Russia and most U.S. allies but President Bush was determined to go-it-alone by backing out of a Treaty that had been a vital part of arms control for close to 30 years. During the Clinton and Bush Senior administration, the power of the United States was not flaunted by domineering less powerful states, although the Clinton administration acted unilaterally on some occasions, at least it appeared to consult and take the views of others before taking action. The Bush administration on the other hand does not even pretend to listen to its allies; rather they inform allies of what is expected to be done. Bushs unilateralist approach could be referred to as in your face or without apology as his unilateral practise is not taken only as a necessary last resort. The 9/11 terrorist attacks on Washington D.C. and New York shocked the international community to cooperate unprecedentedly as friends and foes of the U.S declared jointly a global war on terrorism. However, after the Taliban regime in Afghanistan alongside its Al Qaeda terrorist allies had been toppled, the Bush administration returned to assertive unilateralism (Hayden et al, 2003). The Bush administration disregarded the uproar of international opposition, without an explicit authorization of the Security Council to the use of force and proceeded with the Iraq war almost alone. In the wake of the terrorist attacks, the U.S policy under President Bush continued to be characterised by unilateralism. On the 29th January 2002, President Bush in his State of the Union Address characterized Iraq, Iran and North Korea as an axis of evil, governments threatening world peace, accused of seeking weapons of mass destruction and assisting terrorist (Owens and Dumbrell, 2008). Ignoring criticisms internationally, President Bush went ahead to destroy the Saddam Hussein government, belittling the International Atomic Energy Agency and the united nations as being ineffective. The U.S led coalition to invade Iraq was joined by only Britain. The U.S. led invasion of Iraq under the Bush administration symbolised the implementation of a new national security policy known as the Bush doctrine. This doctrine basically changed the way U.S. acted towards the rest of the world and indicated a radical shift from past national security strategies. This doctrine stressed the concept of preventive or pre-emptive war and a willingness by the United States to act unilaterally if cooperation through a multilateral approach cannot be attained. According to Owens and Dumbrell (2008), President Bush indicated that the new policy was imperative to forestall the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction among terrorist groups and rogue states, while maintaining that the policy of deterrence was no longer adequate to prevent the use of chemical, nuclear and biological weapons among terrorist organisations or rogue states. The Bush doctrine prompts the United States to behave arrogantly and act unilaterally since the invasion of Iraq. Also, the doctrine would jeopardize the international cooperation necessary to track down terrorist groups as the U.S tends to alienate world opinion. Furthermore, the concept of pre-emptive war is prone to encourage the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction rather than discourage it and could increase the risk of regional conflicts if embraced by other nations. The use of force unilaterally would not resolve the resolve the problems of the world. President Bush senior told his son that if a war in Iraq was not backed up by international cooperation, hopes of peace in the Middle East would be farfetched. Bushs Unilateralism and pre-emptive action to deal with weapons of mass destruction has incited popular criticism and ambivalence throughout the Middle East, East and Southeast Asia among others (Edwards and king, 2007). His unilateral approach to global affairs has backfired as it created friction between the mainstream international community and the United States. The heart of President Bush was in the right place as he wanted to make the world secure from terrorism and WMD for which he should be applauded, however, his might makes right and America first approaches have intensified animosities, shaken alliances and increased the risk of global terrorism. When it comes to addressing the problems of the world , multilateral international cooperation is more appropriate than President Bushs unilateral actions. The United States has the greatest influence in international affairs as it possesses the largest military and economy in the world. No nation has had as much cultural, economic and military power as the United States since the Roman Empire. However, Nye (2002) is of the opinion that it became evident through the nuclear threat posed by Iraq and the attacks of September 11 that in solving global problems, power is just not enough. Global issues such as environmental degradation, terrorism, financial instability, infectious diseases, drugs and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction requires involving the cooperation of other nations to be tackled. Unilateralism harms the credibility and international standing of the United States, weakens global environmental initiatives, damaged treaties and cripples the ability of the U.S to negotiate effectively in the future. There are global problems that simply cannot be solved by one country alone irrespective of how powerful, the U.S needs global cooperation to combat international terrorism, sanction effectively law-breaking states, hinder the proliferation of WMD and missile technology, to invest in foreign nations and to curtail illegal immigrants across international borders amongst others (Haass, 2008). Nye (2002), stressed that the United States cannot go it alone as unilateralism is not a viable option; it threatens to undermine its soft power and triggers the forming of coalition against the U.S. which could finally limit its hard power. However, Nye is not saying that the United States should not strike out on its own when deemed necessary or as a last resort because the interest of the U.S. may not always correspond with the ambitions of other nations. Nevertheless, the United States should strive to cooperate with the international community as much as possible because if the U.S. is bound to lead, it is also bound to cooperate (Nye, 2002). In conclusion, the United states under the bush administration adopted a more unilateralist approach to global issues than its predecessors as his administration embraced a go it alone strategy to address international issues in the aftermath of 9/11 and constantly repudiated international norms, treaties and negotiating forums. However, on Saturday 22 May 2010 at the West Point U.S Military Academy, President Obama while addressing graduating cadets declared that the U.S cannot act alone in the world as he outlined a foreign policy agenda that rejected the go-it-alone approach adopted by his predecessor, George W. Bush (BBC News, May 23, 2010). President Obama announced that in contrast to the Bush era, the white house would no longer ignore the international community; explaining that the United States performed best when it operated within alliances for example during the Second World War or during its tensions with the Soviet Union.

“That’s Life” An Analysis of Holden Caulfield Essay --

The Catcher in the Rye by J.D.Salinger supersedes the norm by staying painfully in the deepest part of the average, for it contains topics that people can relate to (such as, cynicism, nostalgia, and bitterness of life). One of the grand topics the novel discusses is an individuals identity, and how Holden Caulfields identity is shaped through the adversity he faces. Quentin Crisp once said â€Å"The young always have the same problem -- how to rebel and conform at the same time. They have now solved this by defying their parents and copying one another.† Holdens desire to be an individual (a rebel without a cause), hatred of phoniness, and guilt over Allies death creates a substantial conflict. Conformity can be defined in many ways, depending on the person and their situation. In Holdens case conformity is the choice to grow up and move on from childish antics. Holden, however, chooses to be wedged between a world of a child's innocence and the complex world of adulthood. He deities his two younger siblings, Allie and Phoebe, as if the were contenders for sainthood because of ...